{"id":4789,"date":"2022-01-13T11:27:18","date_gmt":"2022-01-13T10:27:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/safepro.sk\/thermal-risks\/"},"modified":"2022-02-12T11:32:42","modified_gmt":"2022-02-12T10:32:42","slug":"thermal-risks","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/safepro.sk\/en\/thermal-risks\/","title":{"rendered":"Thermal risks"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
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Teplo a\/alebo ohe\u0148 - zdroje a \u0161\u00edrenie tepla<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Zdrojom tepeln\u00e9ho rizika v priemysle s\u00fa technologick\u00e9 procesy s vysokou prev\u00e1dzkovou teplotou, pri\u010dom teplo sa z nich \u0161\u00edri s\u00e1lan\u00edm<\/b> (\u017eiaren\u00edm), pr\u00faden\u00edm<\/b> (konvekciou), alebo veden\u00edm<\/b> (kondukciou). Riziko vznik\u00e1 tie\u017e priamym kontaktom<\/strong> s hor\u00facim predmetom. Extr\u00e9mne s\u00e1lav\u00e9 aj kontaktn\u00e9 teplo, otvoren\u00fd ohe\u0148, rozstrek \u017eeravej taveniny a hor\u00face \u010dastice<\/b> ohrozuj\u00fa bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 \u013eud\u00ed v zlo\u017eitom priemyselnom prostred\u00ed a je nutn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinne sa pred nimi chr\u00e1ni\u0165.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Heat transfer \/ Thermal hazards<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Zdrojom tepla je elektrick\u00e1 energia<\/a><\/b><\/span>, alebo horenie<\/a><\/span> -<\/b> prudk\u00e1 oxida\u010dn\u00e1 reakcia, pri ktorej vznik\u00e1 plame\u0148<\/b><\/a><\/span> (st\u013apec horiacich plynn\u00fdch l\u00e1tok) a uvo\u013e\u0148uje sa teplo a svetlo. Pre horenie je potrebn\u00e1 pr\u00edtomnos\u0165 hor\u013eaviny<\/b> a oxida\u010dn\u00e9ho prostriedku<\/b> v z\u00e1palnom pomere. Oxida\u010dn\u00fd prostriedok (l\u00e1tka podporuj\u00faca horenie) je naj\u010dastej\u0161ie vzdu\u0161n\u00fd kysl\u00edk<\/span><\/b><\/a>. Koncentr\u00e1cia kysl\u00edka<\/b> je rozhoduj\u00faca pre stupe\u0148 \"oh\u0148ovzdornosti\" text\u00edli\u00ed. Hor\u013eavos\u0165 sa ur\u010duje indexom LOI <\/b>(L<\/b>imiting O<\/b>xygen I<\/b>ndex<\/em>), alebo tie\u017e LK\u010c<\/strong> (L<\/strong>imitn\u00e9ho <\/span>K<\/strong>ysl\u00edkov\u00e9 \u010c<\/strong>\u00edslo<\/em>), ktor\u00e9 ud\u00e1va minim\u00e1lnu<\/b> koncentr\u00e1ciu kysl\u00edka<\/b> pri ktorej l\u00e1tka hor\u00ed. Obsah kysl\u00edka v atmosf\u00e9re je necel\u00fdch 21% <\/b>a t\u00e1to hodnota ur\u010duje hor\u013eavos\u0165. Materi\u00e1ly, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa hodnotu LOI<\/b>>21<\/b> s\u00fa pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za nehor\u013eav\u00e9 (oh\u0148ovzdorn\u00e9) a tie, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa hodnoty LOI<<\/b>21 <\/b>rad\u00edme medzi hor\u013eav\u00e9. \u010c\u00edm je index LOI vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, t\u00fdm s\u00fa materi\u00e1ly odolnej\u0161ie vo\u010di vznieteniu a horeniu. Napr\u00edklad bavlna m\u00e1 LOI 18-20<\/strong>, Para-Aramid<\/a><\/span> cca 31<\/b> a PBI<\/span><\/b><\/a>\u2122<\/span>  38<\/b>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Obmedzenie \u0161\u00edrenia plame\u0148a<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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TEST: Limited flame spread, methodology ISO 1502 \/ ISO 6941<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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V priemyselnom prostred\u00ed<\/strong> je riziko ohrozenia plame\u0148om sk\u00f4r zriedkav\u00e9 a spravidla s\u00favis\u00ed s in\u00fdmi druhmi tepeln\u00fdch riz\u00edk. Plame\u0148 a horenie s\u00fa hlavn\u00e9 rizik\u00e1 pre hasi\u010dsk\u00e9 z\u00e1sahov\u00e9 \u00fatvary. Technick\u00e9 normy a po\u017eiadavky na v\u00fdzbroj hasi\u010dov s\u00fa preto samostatn\u00e9 a oddelen\u00e9 od po\u017eiadaviek na OOP (osobn\u00e9 ochrann\u00e9 prostriedky) pre priemysel.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Po\u017eiadavky pre ochrann\u00e9 odevy<\/b> rie\u0161i norma EN ISO 11612<\/b> s metodikou pod\u013ea ISO 15025<\/b> - expoz\u00edcia plame\u0148om plynov\u00e9ho hor\u00e1ka vo vzdialenosti 20 mm pod uhlom 90\u00b0 resp. 30\u00b0 po\u010das 10 s, dvomi sp\u00f4sobmi testovania:
A1: <\/b>zapa\u013eovanie a horenie na ploche \/ povrchu<\/b> a
A2: <\/b>zapa\u013eovanie a horenie na okraji<\/b> \/ hrane.<\/b>
Pou\u017eit\u00fd materi\u00e1l nesmie horie\u0165 na povrchu \/ hrane, nevznikaj\u00fa v \u0148om prep\u00e1len\u00e9 otvory, netav\u00ed sa a nesmie vytv\u00e1ra\u0165 kvapky (tavi\u0165 sa), stredn\u00e1 doba dohorievania a tlenia mus\u00ed by\u0165 men\u0161ia ako 2s<\/b>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Obmedzenie horenia - oh\u0148ovzdornos\u0165 rukav\u00edc <\/b>ur\u010duje norma EN 407 <\/b>metodikou EN ISO 6941<\/b>. Materi\u00e1l je vystaven\u00fd p\u00f4sobeniu plame\u0148a na vzdialenos\u0165 20 mm po dobu 15s. Po oddialen\u00ed plame\u0148a je meran\u00fd \u010das<\/b> horenia<\/b>, dohorievania a tlenia<\/b> v sekund\u00e1ch, pri\u010dom sa rozli\u0161uj\u00fa sa 4 \u00farovne ochrany:
1: dohorievanie \u2264 20, tlenie bez po\u017eiadavky,
2: dohorievanie \u2264 10, tlenie \u2264 120,
3: dohorievanie \u2264 3, tlenie \u2264 25,
4: dohorievanie \u2264 2, tlenie \u2264 5.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Kontaktn\u00e9 teplo<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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TEST: Contact heat, methodology ISO 12127 \/ EN 702<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Kontaktn\u00e9 teplo <\/b>je jedno z hlavn\u00fdch riz\u00edk pri ochrane r\u00fak a je potrebn\u00e9 odli\u0161ova\u0165 kontaktn\u00e9 teplo od konvekcie a s\u00e1lania tepla. V dlhoro\u010dnej praxi sa \u010dasto stret\u00e1vame s po\u017eiadavkou na \"rukavice do 1000\u00b0C\"<\/b>. Pri anal\u00fdze dopytu zist\u00edme, \u017ee pracovn\u00e1 teplota je s\u00edce v okol\u00ed 1000\u00b0C <\/b>(technologick\u00fd proces v uzavretom priestore pece), ale pri manipul\u00e1cii je  nameran\u00e1 maxim\u00e1lna kontaktn\u00e1 teplota na \u00farovni cca 250-300\u00b0C<\/b> pri s\u00fa\u010dasnom intenz\u00edvnom s\u00e1lan\u00ed s rizikom postreku taveninou. Tento probl\u00e9m spravidla dok\u00e1\u017eeme rie\u0161i\u0165 rukavicami zo \"z\u00e1kladnej\" S\u00e9rie 400<\/b><\/a> s pohlin\u00edkovan\u00edm, ktor\u00e9 dokonale vyhovuj\u00fa pre viac ako 95% aplik\u00e1ci\u00ed<\/b>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ochranu pred \u00a0kontaktn\u00fdm teplom pre odevy<\/b> rie\u0161i norma EN ISO 11612<\/b> v \u010dasti KONTAKTN\u00c9 TEPLO<\/b>. Metodiku sk\u00fa\u0161ok ur\u010duje norma ISO 12127<\/b> - materi\u00e1l (horizont\u00e1lna orient\u00e1cia, vzorky priemeru 80 mm) je vystaven\u00fd kontaktnej teplote 250\u00b0C (v\u00fdhrevn\u00fd valec s priemerom kontaktnej plochy 25 mm), meria sa \u010das potrebn\u00fd pre dosiahnutie prahu bolesti (po\u0161kodenie PVC f\u00f3lie). V\u00fdsledok sa ozna\u010duje k\u00f3dom F<\/b> s tromi \u00farov\u0148ami plnenia:
F1: 5<10s,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 F2: 10<15s,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 F3: 15s a viac.<\/b><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Ochranu\u00a0pre rukavice <\/b>ur\u010duje norma EN 407<\/b> s metodikou sk\u00fa\u0161ky pod\u013ea EN 702<\/b>. Materi\u00e1l (resp. materi\u00e1lov\u00e1 kombin\u00e1cia z ktorej s\u00fa rukavice vyroben\u00e9) je vystaven\u00fd 4\u00a0 kontaktn\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa\u010dasne ur\u010duj\u00fa \u00farovne ochrany:
1: +100\u00b0C<\/b>,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2: +250\u00b0C<\/b>,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3: +350\u00b0C<\/b>,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4: +500\u00b0C<\/b>
za presne definovan\u00fdch podmienok (plocha a pr\u00edtlak). Meria sa \u010das teplotn\u00e9ho gradientu (relat\u00edvneho n\u00e1rastu teploty) o 10\u00b0C na opa\u010dnej strane vzorky (vo vn\u00fatri rukavice). Ako v\u00fdchodzia \u00farove\u0148 pre meranie n\u00e1rastu teploty sa ur\u010duje hodnota cca 25\u00b0C. Minim\u00e1lna akceptovate\u013en\u00e1 hodnota nameran\u00e9ho \u010dasu pre splnenie pr\u00edslu\u0161nej po\u017eiadavky je 15s<\/b>.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Konvekcia tepla\u00a0 -\u00a0 plame\u0148<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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TEST: Convection, methodology ISO 9151 \/ EN 367<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Konvekcia<\/b>, alebo tie\u017e pr\u00fadenie tepla<\/b> je jeden zo z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch sp\u00f4sobov prenosu tepla. Z fyzik\u00e1lneho h\u013eadiska m\u00e1 najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznam v kvapalin\u00e1ch a plynoch, kde sa\u00a0 premiest\u0148uj\u00fa relat\u00edvne vo\u013en\u00e9 \u010dastice s r\u00f4znou tepelnou energiou.\u00a0<\/p>

Konvekcia tepla je zalo\u017een\u00e1 na skuto\u010dnosti, \u017ee hustota l\u00e1tky sa men\u00ed s teplotou (v\u00fdrazne u plynov) a preto doch\u00e1dza vplyvom gravita\u010dn\u00fdch s\u00edl k prirodzen\u00e9mu pr\u00fadeniu, premie\u0161avaniu a vyrovn\u00e1vaniu tepl\u00f4t. Konvekciu m\u00f4\u017eeme rozdeli\u0165 na vo\u013en\u00fa (fyz. z\u00e1kony - teplo st\u00fapa nahor) a n\u00faten\u00fa (ventil\u00e1tory, premie\u0161avanie kvapal\u00edn,...).<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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Norma EN ISO 11612<\/b> (pre odevy) rozli\u0161uje 3 \u00farovne plnenia ochrany pred konvekciou tepla<\/b> pod\u013ea metodiky ISO 9151<\/b>. Ur\u010duje ich Index prestupu tepla (Heat Transfer Index = HTI), ktor\u00fd sa meria pre materi\u00e1ly, resp. materi\u00e1lov\u00e9 kombin\u00e1cie. Sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00e9 vzorky rozmerov 14 x 14 cm sa umiestnia do horizont\u00e1lne nad plynov\u00fd hor\u00e1k s v\u00fdkonom 80 kW\/m2<\/sup>, a n\u00e1sledne sa kalorimetrom meria teplo prech\u00e1dzaj\u00face sk\u00fa\u0161anou vzorkou. V\u00fdsledkom je priemern\u00e1 hodnota z 3 meran\u00ed \u010dasu potrebn\u00e9ho na zv\u00fd\u0161enie teploty (na opa\u010dnej strane vzorky) <\/span>o 12 resp. 24\u00b0C.<\/span> Index HTI12<\/sub> koreluje s prahom vnemu, Index HTI24<\/sub> s prahom bolesti. \u010cas pre index <\/span>HTI24 <\/sub>ur\u010duje \u00farovne ochrany:
<\/span><\/p>

B1<\/b>: 4<\/b><\/span><10s<\/b>,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B2<\/b>: 10<\/b><\/span><20s,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B3<\/b>: 20s a viac<\/b>.<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Norma EN 407 <\/b>(pre ochrann\u00e9 rukavice) ur\u010duje \u00farovne plnenia ochrany pred konvek\u010dn\u00fdm teplom<\/b> (metodika EN 367<\/b>) tzv. prahov\u00fdm \u010dasom, ktor\u00fd je potrebn\u00fd pre relat\u00edvny n\u00e1rast teploty na vn\u00fatornej strane rukavice (materi\u00e1lovej kombin\u00e1cie, vzorka 140 x 140 mm) o 24\u00b0C. Pre \u00fa\u010dely sk\u00fa\u0161ok je potrebn\u00e9 teplo generovan\u00e9 plynov\u00fdm hor\u00e1kom s v\u00fdkonom 80 kW\/m2<\/sup>.<\/span><\/p>

Pre <\/span>rukavice sa rozli\u0161uj\u00fa 4 \u00farovne <\/b>ochrany:
1: <\/b>\u2265 4<\/span>s<\/span>,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2: <\/b>\u2265 7<\/span>s<\/span>,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3: <\/b>\u2265 10<\/span>s<\/span>,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4: \u2265 18 s.<\/b><\/p>

Zjednodu\u0161en\u00e1 interpret\u00e1cia:<\/b> Doba <\/span>prenosu konvek\u010dn\u00e9ho tepla (plame\u0148) do vn\u00fatra rukavice\/odevu po prah bolesti.<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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S\u00e1lanie tepla<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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S\u00e1lav\u00e9 teplo<\/b>, alebo tie\u017e \u017eiarenie, \u010di radi\u00e1cia je jeden zo z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch sp\u00f4sobov prenosu tepla a z\u00e1rove\u0148 jedin\u00fd, pri ktorom nie je potrebn\u00e9 l\u00e1tkov\u00e9 prostredie. Teplo je vy\u017earovan\u00e9<\/b> a takmer bez straty <\/b>sa \u0161\u00edri prostred\u00edm (vzduchom) pokia\u013e nenaraz\u00ed na pevn\u00fa prek\u00e1\u017eku. T\u00e1to ho \u010diasto\u010dne odraz\u00ed, \u010diasto\u010dne pohlt\u00ed a teplota zasiahnutej prek\u00e1\u017eky sa zvy\u0161uje<\/b>. Rozli\u010dn\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly pohlcuj\u00fa s\u00e1lav\u00e9 teplo r\u00f4zne \u2013 viac a r\u00fdchlej\u0161ie sa zohrej\u00fa tmav\u00e9 a drsn\u00e9 teles\u00e1, menej leskl\u00e9 a hladk\u00e9.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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TEST: Radiation, methodology EN 6942<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Na ochranu pred s\u00e1lan\u00edm <\/b>je najv\u00fdhodnej\u0161ie pou\u017ei\u0165 text\u00edlie s \u201epohlin\u00edkovan\u00edm\" povrchu<\/b>. Leskl\u00e1 vrstva odr\u00e1\u017ea podstatn\u00fa \u010das\u0165 \u017eiarenia (v z\u00e1vislosti od kvality povrchu) a materi\u00e1l sa prehrieva len pomaly. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9 technol\u00f3gie umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00fa r\u00f4zne sp\u00f4soby \u201epohlin\u00edkovania\u201c text\u00edli\u00ed, pri\u010dom v\u00fdsledn\u00e1 kvalita z\u00e1vis\u00ed od viacer\u00fdch faktorov ako s\u00fa:
-\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0Hr\u00fabka a \u0161trukt\u00fara text\u00edlie,
-\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0nosn\u00fd materi\u00e1l AL pigmentu (mylar, polyester, Al-f\u00f3lia, ...) a jeho hr\u00fabka,
-\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0pou\u017eit\u00e9 adhez\u00edva (silik\u00f3n, polyuretan, ...),
-\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0technol\u00f3gia a prec\u00edznos\u0165 laminovania.<\/p>

Metodiku merania ur\u010duje norma EN 6942<\/b>, ktor\u00e1 definuje index prenosu s\u00e1lav\u00e9ho tepla (Radiant Heat Transfer Indexes \u2013 RHTI<\/b>) ako parameter pre vyhodnotenie v\u00fdsledkov meran\u00ed. Pri testovan\u00ed vzoriek (230 mm x 70 mm) je presne stanoven\u00e1 hustota s\u00e1lania, pri\u010dom ni\u017e\u0161iu intenzitu je mo\u017eno korigova\u0165 dlh\u0161\u00edm \u010dasom expoz\u00edcie, a naopak. Metodika sk\u00fa\u0161ky rozli\u0161uje 2 testovanie met\u00f3dy:<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Met\u00f3da A<\/b> popisuje vizu\u00e1lne zmeny na materi\u00e1loch vystaven\u00fdch s\u00e1lav\u00e9mu teplu.
Met\u00f3da B<\/b> meria \u010das v sekund\u00e1ch potrebn\u00fd na teplotn\u00fd n\u00e1rast o 12 resp. 24\u00b0C. Teplotn\u00fd gradient je meran\u00fd kalorimetrom na rubovej strane text\u00edlie \u2013 meranie indexu RHTI12<\/sub> resp RHTI24<\/sub>, pri hustote s\u00e1lania 20 kW\/m2<\/sup>.<\/p>

Rozli\u0161uj\u00fa sa\u00a04 \u00farovne pre odevy <\/b>(C), index HTI24<\/sub>:
C1: \u2265 7<\/b>s,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C2: \u2265 20<\/b>s,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C3: \u2265 50<\/b>s,<\/b> \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C4: \u2265 95s,
<\/b>a 4 \u00farovne ochrany pre rukavice<\/b>, index HTI24<\/sub>:
1: \u2265 7<\/b>s, \u00a0 \u00a0 2: <\/b>\u2265 20<\/b>s, \u00a0 \u00a0 3: <\/b>\u2265 50<\/b>s<\/b>.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4: <\/b>\u2265 95s.<\/b><\/p>

Zjednodu\u0161en\u00e1 interpret\u00e1cia: <\/b>Doba prenosu s\u00e1lav\u00e9ho tepla do vn\u00fatra rukavice \/ odevvu po prah bolesti.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Roztaven\u00fd kov<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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TEST: OResistance to molten metal splash, methodology EN ISO 9185<\/figcaption>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Posudzovanie odolnosti text\u00edli\u00ed proti ve\u013ek\u00fdm rozstrekom roztaven\u00e9ho kovu<\/b><\/span> rie\u0161i norma EN ISO 9185<\/b>, ktor\u00e1 \u0161pecifikuje met\u00f3du na ur\u010denie odolnosti proti prieniku tepla text\u00edliami pri tomto riziku.<\/p>

Roztaven\u00fd tekut\u00fd kov (hlin\u00edk 780\u00b0C, \u017eelezo 1400\u00b0C) sa v smere osnovy naleje z v\u00fd\u0161ky 225 mm na vzorku text\u00edlie (260 mm x 100 mm) pod uhlom 60\u00b0 (hlin\u00edk) alebo 75\u00b0 (\u017eelezo). Pod vzorkou je kontaktne ulo\u017een\u00e1 PVC f\u00f3lia simuluj\u00faca poko\u017eku. Test sa vyhodnocuje zmenami (po\u0161koden\u00edm) PVC f\u00f3lie a pod\u013ea v\u00fdsledku sa sk\u00fa\u0161ka sa opakuje bu\u010f pre v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie alebo men\u0161ie mno\u017estvo kovu a\u017e do ur\u010denia kritickej hmotnosti, ktor\u00e1 po\u0161kodzuje f\u00f3liu.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Pre ochrann\u00e9 odevy sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa 3 \u00farovne plnenia pre hlin\u00edk (D)<\/b>
D1: \u2265 100<\/b> g,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D2: \u2265 200<\/b> g,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 D3: \u2265 350 g,
<\/b>a 3 \u00farovne pre \u017eelezo<\/b> (E)<\/b>:
E1: \u2265 60<\/b> g,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 E2: \u2265 120<\/b> g,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 E3: \u2265 200 g.<\/b>
Pre rukavice sa rozli\u0161uj\u00fa 4 \u00farovne<\/b> ochrany pre roztaven\u00e9 \u017eelezo:
1: \u2265 30 g,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2: \u2265 60 g,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3: \u2265 120 g,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4: \u2265 200 g.<\/b><\/p>

Sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00fa met\u00f3du <\/span>na vyhodnotenie materi\u00e1lov pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdch na ochranu pri <\/span>malom postreku roztaven\u00fdm kovom<\/b><\/span> stanovuje<\/span> norma EN 348<\/b> (Sk\u00fa\u0161obn\u00e1 met\u00f3da: Stanovenia spr\u00e1vania materi\u00e1lov pri dopade mal\u00fdch rozstrekov roztaven\u00e9ho kovu<\/span>).\u00a0 Test sa pou\u017e\u00edva pre rukavice a je zalo\u017een\u00fd na ur\u010den\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho po\u010dtu kvapiek roztaven\u00e9ho kovu, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa potrebn\u00e9 na zv\u00fd\u0161enie\u00a0 teploty vn\u00fatornej strany rukav\u00edc o 40\u00b0C (prah bolesti). Rozli\u0161uj\u00fa sa 4 \u00farovne<\/b> ochrany pre \u017eelezo:
1: \u2265 5,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 2: <\/b>\u2265 15,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 3: <\/b>\u2265 25,\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 4: <\/b>\u2265 35.<\/b><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t

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\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pop\u00e1lenie a prv\u00e1 pomoc<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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Pop\u00e1lenina<\/b> (lat. combustio<\/i>) je poranenie, ktor\u00e9 vznik\u00e1 p\u00f4soben\u00edm tepla a hor\u00facich l\u00e1tok <\/b>tuh\u00e9ho, tekut\u00e9ho aj plynn\u00e9ho skupenstva na ko\u017eu a povrchov\u00e9 sliznice.<\/b> M\u00f4\u017eu sp\u00f4sobi\u0165 po\u0161kodenie tkaniva v rozli\u010dnom rozsahu, v z\u00e1vislosti od druhu, intenzity a trvania p\u00f4sobenia \u0161kodliviny. Poranenia s\u00fa klasifikovan\u00e9 na pop\u00e1leniny prv\u00e9ho a\u017e \u0161tvrt\u00e9ho stup\u0148a<\/i>.<\/b><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

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Prv\u00e1 pomoc pri pop\u00e1len\u00ed<\/a>:<\/b><\/p>

  1. Ihne\u010f odstr\u00e1ni\u0165 zdroj tepla<\/b> a zasiahnut\u00e9 mal\u00e9 plochy chladi\u0165<\/b> studenou vodou (nie na otvoren\u00e9 rany) cca 20 min<\/b>.<\/li>
  2. Po doznen\u00ed bolesti prikryjeme pop\u00e1leninu pod\u013ea mo\u017enosti sterilnou g\u00e1zou<\/b>, jemnou chladivou band\u00e1\u017eou, alebo iba \u010distou tkaninou.<\/li>
  3. Opatrne a \u010do najsk\u00f4r odstr\u00e1nime z poranen\u00fdch kon\u010dat\u00edn hodinky, prstene<\/b>, e\u0161te predt\u00fdm, ako za\u010dn\u00fa op\u00facha\u0165.<\/li>
  4. Obhoren\u00fa \u010das\u0165 odevu nikdy nestrh\u00e1vame, odstr\u00e1nime iba t\u00fa \u010das\u0165 odevu, ktor\u00e1 nie je pri\u0161kvaren\u00e1.<\/li>
  5. Na rany ned\u00e1vame z\u00e1syp ani mas\u0165.<\/b><\/li>
  6. Zabezpe\u010d\u00edme proti\u0161okov\u00e9 opatrenia:
    Ticho - Teplo - Tekutiny - T\u00ed\u0161enie bolesti - Transport<\/b> (na odborn\u00e9 o\u0161etrenie).<\/li><\/ol>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
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    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t
    \n\t\t\t\t\t\t
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    COME IN – OUT OF THE HEAT<\/h3>

    We have been protecting our clients professionally, efficiently, reliably and safely for more than<\/strong> 30 YEARS<\/b>FROM THERMAL RISKS
    .<\/b> We offer solutions and experience<\/strong> during which we have not registered any failure or hesitation in protecting people<\/strong> in an industrial environment.<\/b><\/p>

    We keep standard items in stock and deliver them immediately.
    <\/b><\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Teplo a\/alebo ohe\u0148 – zdroje a \u0161\u00edrenie tepla Zdrojom tepeln\u00e9ho rizika v priemysle s\u00fa technologick\u00e9 procesy s vysokou prev\u00e1dzkovou teplotou,<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4789","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","hide-post-date"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/safepro.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4789","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/safepro.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/safepro.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/safepro.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/safepro.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4789"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/safepro.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4789\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4790,"href":"https:\/\/safepro.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4789\/revisions\/4790"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/safepro.sk\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4789"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}